| Computer # |
| 2043.
 | 17 | Habenula functional connectivity predicts prior night’s sleep in healthy adults: A 5.0 T fMRI study Liang Wang1, Lei Gao1, and Haibo Xu1
1Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Keywords: Structural Connectivity, High-Field MRI, sleep Motivation: The habenula is evolutionarily conserved brain region which play a crucial role in sleep regulation Goal(s): To analysis the structural and functional relationship between habenula and individual sleep by 5T ultrahigh-resolution MRI Approach: Using ultrahigh-resolution structural and functional MRI, we parcellated lateral and medial portions of the habenula and calculated structural and functional connectivity on the basis of these parcellations Results: We parcellated lateral and medial portions of the habenula and identified connectivity with salience, limbic and part of somatomotor networks, which led to the loss in average sleep and cognitive processes Impact: For the first time we identified the
correlation between habenula and individual sleep using 5T ultrahigh-resolution
MRI. By analyzing 300 samples high -resolution data, we revealed the
neurological basis of individual sleep regulation, and provided new opinions
for the mechanism of sleep diseases. |
| 2044.
 | 18 | The involvement of the cerebellum in structural connectome changes in episodic migraine without aura Ana Matoso1, Ana R Fouto1, Inês Esteves1, Amparo Ruiz-Tagle1, Gina Caetano1, Nuno A Silva2, Pedro Vilela3, Raquel Gil-Gouveia4,5, Rita G Nunes1, and Patrícia Figueiredo1
1Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Institute for Systems and Robotics - Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, 2Learning Health, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal, 3Imaging Department, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal, 4Neurology Department, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal, 5Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal Keywords: Structural Connectivity, Brain Connectivity, Migraine Motivation: While the pathophysiology of migraine remains incompletely understood, several studies reported connectivity disruptions across large-scale brain networks.
Goal(s): To study changes in the structural connectome of migraine patients including cortical and subcortical regions as well as the cerebellum, often disregarded. Approach: We performed tractography on diffusion MRI data and applied graph theory metrics to study connectome changes in episodic migraine patients and their healthy controls, using two different whole-brain parcellations.
Results: Patients show increased global efficiency and decreased characteristic path length, as well as increased connectivity of cerebellar regions with a greater node degree in the posterior lobe of the cerebellum.
Impact: This study sheds light on the importance of including regions other than the cortex in the structural connectome studies of migraine. Indeed, the cerebellum seems to play an important role in migraine, presenting increased connectivity with other regions. |
| 2045.
 | 19 | Retrieving fiber orientations from any brain histology section and comparison to diffusion MRI Marios Georgiadis1, Franca auf der Heiden2, Congyu Liao1, Jeffrey Nirschl1, Moe Wakatsuki1, Andy Liu1, William Ho1, Hossein Moein Taghavi1, Kawin Setsompop1, Karin Amunts2, Markus Axer2, Michael Zeineh1, and Miriam Menzel2,3
1Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States, 2Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Julich, Germany, 3Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands Keywords: Structural Connectivity, Brain Connectivity Motivation: Neuronal axons (nerve fibers) facilitate complex connectivity patterns, but retrieving fiber architecture with micrometer resolution remains elusive. Meanwhile, thousands of brain histology sections are produced and archived daily. Goal(s): Here, we show that fiber architecture can be derived with micrometer resolution from new and archived histology sections. Approach: Using Computational Scattered Light Imaging (ComSLI), we generate detailed microscopic maps of nerve fiber orientations in healthy and diseased, animal and human brain sections prepared with various protocols and stains. Results: We compare whole-brain results to diffusion MRI. This opens new avenues to studying microscopic brain fiber architecture in a time- and cost-effective manner. Impact: Using scattered light, we generate micrometer maps of nerve fiber orientations in new and archived histology sections of healthy and diseased, animal and human brains prepared with various protocols and stains. We compare whole-brain fiber orientations to diffusion MRI. |
| 2046.
 | 20 | Intracranial EEG information flow is associated with metabolic and structural connectivity in temporal lobe epilepsy Bingyang Cai1, Shize Jiang2, Hui Huang1, Jiwei Li1, Siyu Yuan1, Ya Cui1, Liang Chen2, and Jie Luo1
1School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, 2Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Keywords: Structural Connectivity, Brain Connectivity, Functional connectivity Motivation: EEG measured directional information flow, cerebral metabolism and structural connectivity are altered in temporal lobe epilepsy, although their interplay have not been elucidated. Goal(s): To investigate whether and how structural and metabolic connectivity may separately or jointly affect the directional information flow. Approach: This study proposed a step-wise analysis to study the correlation between directional information flow measured by SEEG and glucose metabolism measured by FDG PET, and to explore their associations with different structural connectivity. Results: The inward information flow was negatively correlated with FDG uptake. White matter structural connectivity modulated the relationship between SEEG information flow and metabolism. Impact: Unraveling
the underlying association of white matter connectivity and FDG metabolism with
directional information flow strength could offer a comprehensive view of
neuronal signal propagation and potentially improve seizure onset localization
of focal epilepsy. |
| 2047.
 | 21 | Disrupted structural brain networks and structural-functional decoupling in adolescent major depressive disorder Baolin Wu1 and Qiyong Gong1
1Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Keywords: Structural Connectivity, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Major depressive disorder; Structural connectome; Graph theory Motivation: Previous studies have demonstrated brain abnormalities in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD); however, how the topological organization of brain networks is affected is still unclear.
Goal(s): This study aimed to investigate the white matter (WM) structural topology in adolescent MDD.
Approach: The topological metrics of WM structural brain networks were analyzed using graph theory method.
Results: Adolescent MDD patients showed disrupted topological organization at the global, rich-club and modular levels, exhibited abnormal nodal centralities in multiple regions, and had a decrease in the coupling between structural and functional connectivity.
Impact: Our findings suggest widespread disruption of structural
brain networks and structural-functional decoupling in adolescent MDD, which
may provide new insights into the neurobiology of adolescent MDD. |
| 2048.
 | 22 | Brain Connectivity and Intelligence: A Comprehensive Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis Illuminating the Neural Underpinnings Sen Guo1, Yuxin Cui2, Zhe Sun1,3, Koji Kamagata1, Wataru Uchida1, Junko Kikuta1, Kaito Takabayashi1, Keigo Shimoji1,2,3, Hongkai Chen1, Zaimire Mahemuti1, Rui Zou2, Yuya Saito1, Rukeye Tuerxun1, Akihiko Wada1, and Shigeki Aoki1,2,3
1Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, 2Department of Data Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, 3Faculty of Health Data Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan Keywords: Structural Connectivity, Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniques Motivation: To the best of our knowledge, no study in neuroscience has been conducted based on high intelligence (HI) and low intelligence (LI) groups young healthy adults. Goal(s): This study aims to explore the effect of brain network structures on the intelligence quotient and brain efficiency of healthy adults. Approach: We focused on the white matter’s topological traits, which demonstrate network performance and structural connectivity differences between the HI and LI groups. Results: We found structural differences in connections between specific nodes in the HI and LI groups. Intelligence correlated positively with network efficiency and negatively with path length. Impact: This study innovatively
explores the relationship between brain network
structures and intelligence in healthy young adults. This study revealed that
higher intelligence is associated
with efficient brain networks and greater resilience in targeted network
disturbances. |
| 2049.
 | 23 | Multimodal MRI Evaluation of Brain Plasticity Following 8 Weeks of Structured Functional and Strength Training Osama Abdullah1, Natascha Enriquez2, Haidee Paterson1, Jorge Naranjo2, Ameen Qadi2, and Bas Rokers2
1Core Technology Platform, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 2New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Keywords: White Matter, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, exercise Motivation: The impact of longer exercise durations and its correlation with comprehensive behavioral changes, such as improvements in strength and working memory, remains relatively underexplored. Goal(s): In this study, we explore the impact of an 8-week strength training program on brain function and structure through multimodal MRI. Approach: We recruited 21 participants, who had been leading a sedentary lifestyle before enrolling. Utilizing a Siemens Prisma scanner and Human Connectome Project protocols, we obtained multimodal MRI data, covering anatomical scans, diffusion imaging, resting state fMRI, and ASL scans. Results: Preliminary findings highlight the importance of microstructural measurements in detecting exercise-induced brain changes. Impact: This research highlights the potential for using multimodal MRI to characterize exercise-induced white matter plasticity in the brain, particularly in motor-related areas. |
| 2050.
 | 24 | Comparison of white matter bundle structure between humans and macaques. Kazuya Ouchi1,2, Daisuke Yoshimaru1,3, Aya Takemura2, Noriyuki Higo2, Shinya Yamamoto2,4, Ryusuke Hayashi2, Yasuko Sugase-Miyamoto2, and Tomokazu Tsurugizawa1,2,3
1Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 2National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan, 3Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, 4Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Keywords: Structural Connectivity, White Matter Motivation: Comparative studies on brain structure between humans and macaques across entire brain have not been thoroughly conducted. Goal(s): The goal of this study is to show the similarities and differences of structural connectivity (SC) in humans and macaques. Approach: SC was calculated from diffusion-weighted imaging. Based on the SC, the similarity and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) were used. Results: High similarity of SC between and within species was observed. LASSO yielded feature extraction of 12 connections. Impact: This study clearly showed the similarity of
white matter structure between and within species in humans and macaques. The method of this study is quantitative and
provides valuable insights in translational research. |
| 2051.
 | 25 | Deriving and characterizing fiber tract specific anisotropic R2 from DTI Rajikha Raja1, Yuxi Pang1, and Wilburn E Reddick1
1Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States Keywords: White Matter, Relaxometry, transverse relaxation orientation dependence Motivation: The orientation dependence of transverse relaxation R2 in the human brain white matter could be exploited as a potential myelin specific biomarker for assessing demyelinating pathologies. Goal(s): To investigate the feasibility of characterizing fiber tract specific anisotropic R2 solely based on DTI. Approach: A high-resolution public domain Connectome DTI dataset was used for the demonstration. Two major fiber tracts, corpus callosum and corticospinal tract, were segmented, and corresponding orientation dependent R2 profiles were quantified based on a recently developed model. Results: Results suggested that anisotropic R2 could be extracted effectively from DTI, facilitating easy access to a potential myelin specific biomarker. Impact: In this work, we demonstrated that a single T2-weighted image (i.e., b=0) effectively separates anisotropic R2 from its isotropic counterpart offering an efficient alternative to conventional lengthy R2 mapping method of incorporating in-vivo axon fiber orientation information from DTI. |
| 2052.
 | 26 | Mapping the Functional Role of White Matter Tracks by fusing Diffusion and Functional MRI Jinglei Lv1, Mac Shine1, Fei Kong1, and Fernando Calamante1
1The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia Keywords: White Matter, Brain Connectivity, White matter; Diffusion MRI; Functional MRI; Multi-modal Motivation: The axonal connections in white matter(WM) are vital for brain function, but there is a knowledge gap of the functional role of WM tracks. Goal(s): To address this, we proposed a method to combine diffusion MRI (dMRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) to map the functional role of WM tracks during tasks. Approach: To each WM track generated with dMRI, we define the dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) that reflects the functional interaction of the GM it connects. General linear model(GLM) is then employed to measure the activation level during task. Results: Meaningful tracks that are associated with various tasks, implicating the activated networks. Impact: Our method paves the road to generate a functional atlas of
white matter. It is important for understanding
the functional architecture of the brain, the mechanism of brain disorders,
such as, Schizophrenia, Epilepsy and Traumatic Brain Injury. |
| 2053.
 | 27 | Assessing Visual Pathway White Matter Degeneration in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma Using Diffusion Spectrum Imaging Linying Guo1 and Zuohua Tang1
1Fudan University, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai, China Keywords: Head & Neck/ENT, Head & Neck/ENT Motivation: The underlying structural pathophysiology of visual white matter degeneration in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) remains incompletely understood. Goal(s): To characterize macro- and micro-structural abnormalities in the optic tract and optic radiation of POAG by multiple morphology and diffusion metrics derived from diffusion spectrum imaging(DSI) Approach: DSI was performed on 34 bilateral POAG patients and 25 healthy controls (HCs), and multiple morphology and diffusion metrics were calculated and compared. Results: Significant differences emerged in morphology and diffusion metrics between POAG patients and HCs. Impact: Our demonstration of multiple morphology and diffusion changes in POAG utilizing DS suggests the macro- and micro-structural white matter abnormalities, which could be used for assessing POAG degenetation |
| 2054.
 | 28 | How Do White Matter Tracts Constrain Brain Oscillation Propagation? A Diffusion MRI-MEG Study Svetla Manolova1, Carolyn McNabb1, Eirini Messaritaki1, Krish Singh1, Derek Jones1, Mara Cercignani1, and Matteo Mancini1,2
1Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom, 2Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy Keywords: White Matter, Multimodal Motivation: Substantial effort has been invested into understanding how brain structure constrains function. However, research has primarily focused on understanding structure, rather than linking brain dynamics to it. Goal(s): Compare oscillation propagation delays estimated using neuronal avalanches from MEG resting-state data with the underlying white matter structure estimated through tractography. Approach: We characterised the relationship between pathways length and the related propagation delays, using deterministic and probabilistic approaches, and looking at different frequency bands. Results: While higher frequency bands scale proportionally with propagation delays and length, lower frequency bands show constant delays, regardless of tract length, for both deterministic and probabilistic tractography. Impact: This multi-modal approach has the potential to improve understanding of how underlying white matter structure constrains brain [oscillatory] activity. Future research will focus on integrating additional structural and microstructural measurements to inform biophysical models of brain structural and functional connectivity. |
| 2055.
 | 29 | A Deep Learning model for segmentation of the core components mediating the Papez circuit in brain 7T-MRI Yunsong Peng1, Zhiming Zhen2, Chong Tian1, Rongpin Wang1, and Chen Liu2
1Department of Medical Imaging, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China, 2Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqin, China Keywords: White Matter, Neuro, 7T MRI; Papez circuit; segmentation; deep learning Motivation: The core components mediating the Papez circuit are important targets or localization indicators for the clinical development of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD), refractory epilepsy, and other diseases. Goal(s): Exploring deep learning model for segmentation of the core components mediating the Papez circuit in brain 7T-MRI Approach: Fifty-five healthy volunteers were enrolled, and SegResVAE Net was used to segment core components. Results: The SegResVAE Net exhibited the best Dice scores for the mammillary body, mammillothalamic tract, and the average of all components. Impact: Segmentation
of the core components mediating the Papez circuit would be beneficial for
treating Alzheimer's disease (AD), refractory epilepsy, and other diseases. |
| 2056.
 | 30 | White Matter Tract Specific R2 Reflects Fiber Size and Microstructure Yicun Wang1, Peter van Gelderen1, Jacco A. de Zwart1, Jiazheng Zhou1, and Jeff H. Duyn1
1AMRI, LFMI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States Keywords: White Matter, White Matter Motivation: T2 (or R2=1/T2) contrast is widely used for the study of neurological disease. Understanding how the relaxation relates to tissue microstructure may improve its clinical utility. Goal(s): To explore white matter microstructural correlates to R2. Approach: R2 mapping in healthy volunteers using Gradient Echo Sampling of Spin Echo at 7T. Atlas based analysis of fiber tracts, and analysis of corpus callosum subsections. Results: R2 variation was about 25% across the white matter and correlated inversely with the diffusion MRI metric of axonal diameter. Impact: T2 contrast is complex and influenced by factors including tissue iron and lipid content. Tissue microstructure, in particular white matter fiber thickness, may also play a role. Studying their relative contribution will help understand the nature of pathological tissue changes. |
| 2057.
 | 31 | Fixel-based analysis of multi-shell diffusion MRI reveals white matter changes after long-duration spaceflight Ben Jeurissen1,2, Steven Jillings1, Diana L Giraldo2, Angelique Van Ombergen3, Elena Tomilovskaya4, Ekaterina Pechenkova5, Ilya Rukavishnikov4, Victor Petrovichev6, Jan Sijbers2, Peter zu Eulenburg7, and Floris L Wuyts1
1Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace, Dept. of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, 2imec-Vision Lab, Dept. of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, 3Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, 4SSC RF – Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, 5Laboratory for Cognitive Research, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, 6Radiology Dept., National Medical Research Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, 7Institute for Neuroradiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany Keywords: White Matter, Tractography & Fibre Modelling, Spaceflight Motivation: The effects of spaceflight on the central nervous system, and in particular the brain’s white matter (WM), are poorly understood. Goal(s): To gain knowledge about the effect of long-duration spaceflight on the brain's WM. Approach: We performed the first fixel-based analysis of diffusion MRI scans of 18 cosmonauts before and after long-duration spaceflight. Results: We show widespread changes in the WM after spaceflight, which are predominantly macroscopic rather than microscopic. Moreover, we detect a net increase in the amount of WM fibers in the left superior and left middle cerebellar peduncles, providing evidence for neuroplasticity in the brain induced by long-duration spaceflight. Impact: Better understanding and monitoring of the effect of space flight on the brain is crucial to ensure the health of space crews and their performance during long-duration space missions. |