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| 5017.
 | Multimodal MR identifies the prefrontal cortex as central hub of stress-induced brain alterations in rats Carl-Lennart Junker1, Jonathan Reinwald1, Alexander Sartorius1, and Wolfgang Weber-Fahr1
1RG Translational Imaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Preclinical Motivation: Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is utilized to model depression-like symptoms in rodents. Although the prevalence of depression is twice as high in women, 97% of CUMS studies focused on male animals. Goal(s): We aimed to comprehensively phenotype the effect of CUMS in female rats using MRI. Approach: Thus, we assessed a CUMS-induced depression-like phenotype with various behavioral tests and multimodal MRI specifically in females. Results: We found prominent prefrontal and striatal volume loss, together with prefrontal glutamate reduction, and decreased top-down prefrontal control of the nucleus accumbens, corroborating the high sensibility of the PFC to chronic stress in the female population. Impact: We identified the prefrontal cortex as the central hub of chronic stress-induced changes in brain function in a female population of animals using multimodal MRI, thus creating a model for further investigation of distinct effects in possible treatments. |
| 5018.
 | The detrimental lifelong impacts of early life adversity on brain Akiko Uematsu1, Chihiro Yokoyama2, Akihiro Kawasaki1, Chiho Takeda1, Tomoko Ishibuchi1, and Takuya Hayashi1
1Laboratory of Brain Connectomics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan, 2Nara Woman’s University, Kobe, Japan Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Brain Motivation: Early life adversities (ELAs) have long-lasting detrimental impacts on physical and mental health across life course, insisting the experience of ELAs disturb healthy neuronal brain development. Goal(s): Our goal is to investigate on the underlying mechanism of the long-lasting ELAs impacts on brain. Approach: We examined the brains of non-human primate experienced with the ELAs of social separation from conspecific caregivers from our non-human primate MRI database in retrospective manner. Results: Non-human primate brain with caregiver adversities (i.e. ELAs) exerts underdevelopment of multiple brain regions in both cortical and subcortical regions. Impact: Our study demonstrates the lifelong detrimental impact of the early life adversities on brains, proving that the early life experiences, especially social ones, are the important factor for structuring brain during development. |
| 5019.
 | Medial temporal lobe grey and white matter differences in late-life depression: a combined structural and multi-shell diffusion MRI analysis Akihiro Takamiya1, Ahmed Radwan1, Daan Christiaens1, Margot Van Cauwenberge1, Thomas Vande Casteele1, Maarten Laroy1, Stefan Sunaert1, Jan Van den Stock1, Filip Bouckaert1, Mathieu Vandenbulcke1, and Louise Emsell1
1KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniques Motivation: Multi-tissue characterization of structural alterations in late-life depression (LLD) is mainly based on structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging. Goal(s): To investigate medial temporal lobe (MTL)-related structural alterations using advanced diffusion MRI (dMRI) models and their association with MTL grey matter (GM) volume. Approach: Multi-shell dMRI using constrained spherical deconvolution probabilistic tractography, diffusion kurtosis imaging and fixel-based analysis to investigate alterations in the uncinate fasciculus, cingulum bundle, and fornix. Results: Compared to controls, LLD patients showed differences in multiple dMRI metrics, with lower mean kurtosis in the uncinate fasciculus and fornix being correlated with lower MTL GM volume. Impact: Advanced multi-shell diffusion MRI modelling can identify subtle white matter microstructural differences in late-life depression. Using multimodal MRI to investigate grey and white matter differences holistically in the same population can further our understanding of the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders. |
| 5020.
 | Effects of short-term methylphenidate treatment on functional network connectivity in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Eline Vansina1, Zarah van der Pal1, Daphne Boucherie1, Antonia Kaiser2, Linda Douw3, Liesbeth Reneman1, and Anouk Schrantee1
1Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2Animal Imaging and Technology core, CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland, 3Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Brain Connectivity Motivation: Long-term treatment with methylphenidate for ADHD may not sustain initial treatment gains, potentially attributed to the development of tolerance over time. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unexplored.
Goal(s): To investigate how methylphenidate treatment alters functional connectivity changes to an acute methylphenidate challenge within three resting-state networks implicated in ADHD dysfunction.
Approach: Resting-state fMRI before and after the challenge was collected in children and adults with ADHD, at baseline and after 16-week treatment with methylphenidate or placebo. Results: Functional connectivity measures in the frontoparietal network in children became more similar to that of controls after 4-months of methylphenidate treatment. Impact: Methylphenidate has long-lasting effects on within-frontoparietal network connectivity, but lack of change in response to MPH-challenge after treatment suggests that there is no tolerance in this neurobiological parameter. Future investigations require long term follow-up to investigate neurobiological and symptom tolerance. |
| 5021.
 | Increased Intracortical T1w/T2w Ratio in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia Gayatri Maria Schur1,2,3,4, Ruoyu Luie Wang2,3,5, Ryn Flaherty2,3,4, Yu Veronica Sui2,3,4, and Mariana Lazar2,3
1Medical Scientist Training Program, New York University. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States, 2Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States, 3Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States, 4Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States, 5SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, United States Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Psychiatric Disorders, Schizophrenia Motivation: While dysmyelination is known to occur in white matter in schizophrenia, studies characterizing intracortical myelin in vivo are limited. Goal(s): Our goal was to quantify intracortical myelin in chronic schizophrenia (SZ) vs. healthy controls (HC), and to correlate myelination with volumetric changes. Approach: We used T1w/T2w ratio to map cortical myelin. Results: We found decreased cortical volume but increased T1w/T2w ratio in frontal and temporal regions in SZ vs. HC. Apart from potentially increased ectopic myelin content, increased T1w/T2w in patients may also reflect iron deposition or presence of glial cells which contain high intracellular iron. Impact: Characterizing intracortical myelin will help refine the dysmyelination hypothesis of schizophrenia. Our results in a chronic schizophrenia group support this hypothesis and further suggest potential abnormalities in cortical iron and glial cells. |
| 5022. | Exploring deceased-related attention and memory in suicide and non-suicide bereavement through fMRI decoding Chia-Chi Chang1, Noam M. Schneck2,3, and Paul Sajda1,4
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States, 2Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States, 3Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, NY, United States, 4Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Psychiatric Disorders, Mental health, Suicide Bereavement, Grief Motivation: Losing of a loved one to suicide is a uniquely difficult form of grief, often affecting a person’s ability to cope. It remains unclear what neural processes may cause intrusive thoughts to happen. Goal(s): To understand the processes that contribute to intrusive and spontaneous thoughts of loss. Approach: We trained a decoder to identify fMRI voxel-patterns associated with deceased-related attention and mental representations, which we then applied to another dataset acquired during mind-wandering to understand how these processes contribute to the occurrence of thoughts of loss. Results: Engagements of attention and memory increased during blocks where subjects reported having thought about their loss. Impact: The identification of attention and memory neural patterns in suicide related bereavement has the potential to recognize patients experiencing a poorer grief outcome and to help them improve grief trajectories |
| 5023.
 | Objective Depression Diagnosis derived from Effective Connectivity through Dynamic Causal Modelling Sjir Schielen1, Dmitrii Stepanov1, Ramona Cîrstian2, Albert Aldenkamp1,3, and Svitlana Zinger1,3
1Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 2Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands, 3Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, Netherlands Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, fMRI (resting state), Neuropsychiatric disorders, effective connectivity, neurodynamics Motivation: The diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) currently involves subjectivity, but an objective test based on a measurement is desired. Goal(s): To obtain effective connections between brain networks from functional MRI that both allow MDD to be diagnosed and offer clinically relevant insight. Approach: Stochastic Dynamic Causal Modelling is applied to the time series of resting-state networks. The most discriminative connections are found through Bayesian Model Reduction and Chi-Square feature selection. These connections are used for classification using machine learning. Results: Eight clinically relevant effective connections result in 94% leave-one-out cross-validation accuracy, which resulted in 100% accuracy on a separate test set. Impact: The discriminative ability of the eight resulting effective connections aid understanding of MDD's pathophysiology. Furthermore, the results may inspire researchers to investigate the eight most discriminative connections on other datasets, which can lead to an objective diagnostic biomarker for MDD. |
| 5024.
 | SHAP Interpretation of a Tree-Based Model for Deep Gray Matter QSM and R2* in First Episode Psychosis Patients and Their Response to Antipsychotics Pamela Franco1,2,3,4, Cristian Montalba1,2,5, Raul Caulier-Cisterna6, Alonso González7,8, Juan Undurraga9, Nicolás Crossley1,2,7, and Cristian Tejos1,2,10
1Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 2Millennium Institute for IntelligentHealthcare Engineering - iHEALTH, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 3Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 4School of of Civil Engineering, Computer Science and Telecommunications, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile, 5Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 6Department of Informatics and Computing, Faculty of Engineering,, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile, 7Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 8School of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile, 9Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile, 10Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Psychiatric Disorders Motivation: Several studies have demonstrated altered neurochemicals in psychosis. QSM quantify susceptibility changes, which have been associated with iron concentrations in dopamine pathways. Goal(s): Identify the strongest predictive QSM and R2* in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and their response to antipsychotics using a tree-based model. Approach: A tree-base model to discriminate between treatment-responsive (RS) and treatment-resistant (TRS) FEP patients by looking at tissue susceptibilities. Results: Our model classifies RS and TRS patients: 96.67 ± 1.38 % accuracy. Also, TRS could be classified by QSM: left amygdala, right globus pallidus interna, and nucleus accumbens, which have been associated with decreased dopamine in TRS patients. Impact: The proposed features could be used in future studies to early detect TRS-FEP patients and promptly adopt adequate treatment. This intervention may improve their clinical outcomes and minimize the functional disability and social burden resulting from prolonged psychosis. |
| 5025.
 | Improved depiction of habenula with optimized high-resolution STAGE Bingyang Bian1, Lei Zhang1, E. Mark Haacke2, Lin Hou1, Yueluan Jiang3, and Tao Li4
1radiology department, Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, MI, United States, 3MR Scientific Marketing, Diagnostic Imaging, Siemens Healthineers Ltd, Beijing, China, 4School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Psychiatric Disorders, habenula；depressive disorder；STAGE Motivation: The visualization and identification of humans habenula is particularly challenging in vivo MR imaging due to its subcortical location and small size Goal(s): To achieve visualization and quantitative analysis of the habenula Approach: In this work we performed a high-resolution strategically acquired gradient echo protocol at 3T for visualization habenula Results: We achieved high-definition visualization of habenula, and provided a quantitative multi-parametric characterization of the habenula microstructure in vivo Impact: We performed an optimized high-resolution sequence, which used to guide future studies optimizing the visualization of habenula. The standardized nature of quantitative MR measurements also provide a baseline from a healthy cohort against which to assess pathological differences. |
| 5026.
 | Motor inhibition in functional paralysis – a task-based fMRI study Vanessa Vallesi1,2, Elia Hurni1,2, Jothini Sritharan1,2, Anke Scheel Sailer3,4,5, Inge Eriks Hoogland4,5,6, Michaela Gegusch7, Johannes Slotboom8, Rajeev Verma1,2, and Giuseppe Zito1,2
1Advanced Imaging Research (AIR) Group, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland, 2Department of Radiology, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland, 3Department of Paraplegia, Rehabilitation and Quality Management, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland, 4Faculty Health Science and Medicine, University Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland, 5Health Services Research, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland, 6Outpatient Care Unit, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland, 7Clinic for Neurology, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, 8Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital and Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Neuroscience, Functional Neurological Disorder Motivation: In functional neurological disorders (FND), symptoms (including paralysis) occur despite intact anatomical pathways. The pathophysiology of FND is poorly understood, making diagnosis, treatment and prognosis uncertain. Goal(s): Assuming that higher cognitive functions may play a role in the manifestation of symptoms, this study investigates motor inhibition in FND. Approach: Using task-based fMRI, this observational study investigates the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response of the brain during a motor inhibition task. Results: Preliminary results indicate reduced behavioral performance and lower BOLD activity in the left caudate nucleus, a key node for motor inhibition, suggesting a disrupted neural pathway in FND. Impact: Our
task-based fMRI results suggest impaired motor inhibition in functional
neurological disorders and open new avenues for further investigation on its
role in symptom production and potential treatment options. |
| 5027.
 | Association of peripheral inflammation with disrupted brain functional network topology in bipolar disorder Guixian Tang1, Guanmao Chen1, Wei Cui2, and Ying Wang1
1First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China, 2MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China, Guangzhou, China Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Neuroinflammation Motivation: Increasing evidences show that inflammation might be involved in bipolar disorder (BD), but the association between abnormal brain function and inflammation in BD patients is still unclear. Goal(s): In this study, we tried to explore the disrupted brain functional network topology, peripheral cytokines and their correlations to demonstrate the role of inflammation in brain functional network topology in BD. Approach: Graph theory analysis. Results: The current study demonstrated disrupted topological organization in the whole brain and regional connectivity was associated with inflammatory cytokines of the IL-4, IL-8 and IL-10 levels in BD. Impact: Our
study provided preliminary evidence of the association between disrupted brain
functional network topology and neuroinflammation in BD. |
| 5028.
 | Effects of intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation and adjunctive D-Cycloserine on GABA levels in the medial Prefrontal Cortex Marilena M DeMayo1, Jaeden L Cole1, Signe L Bray1, Ashley D Harris1, and Alexander McGirr1
1University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Brain Motivation: Non-invasive brain stimulation is an evidenced based treatment for major depression. Change in GABA in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been suggested as a mechanism of antidepressant effect of brain stimulation, including intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS). Goal(s): Investigate the effect of iTBS combined with adjunctive D-Cycloserine on magnetic resonance spectroscopy measured GABA levels in the mPFC. Approach: Participants were randomized to receive adjunctive D-Cycloserine or placebo in addition to two weeks of iTBS treatment, with assessments at baseline and after two weeks of intervention. Results: There was no effect of iTBS, adjunctive D-Cycloserine or responder status on GABA levels. Impact: This study provides evidence of dissociation between GABA change and clinical response following the delivery of intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS) in major depression. The antidepressant effects of iTBS may not rely on change in GABA within the mPFC. |
| 5029.
 | Pretreatment brain magnetic resonance imaging outperforms clinical ratings in predicting major depressive disorder treatment outcomes Fenghua Long1, Yufei Chen1, Qian Zhang1, Yaxuan Wang1, Yitian Wang1, Qian Li1, Youjin Zhao1, and Fei Li1
1Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, MR Value Motivation: It is clinically needed to explore predictive potential of pretreatment features in major depressive disorder (MDD) treatment outcomes to guide personalized medicine approaches. Goal(s): To evaluate and compare overall predictive performance of clinical and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features for treatment outcomes and assess performance of distinct modalities and interventions in MRI studies. Approach: We conducted separate meta-analyses on clinical and MRI studies followed with subgroup meta-analyses and meta-regression. Results: MRI studies outperformed clinical studies in sensitivity. Within MRI group, resting-state functional MRI exhibited higher specificity than task-based functional MRI . No significant differences were found among remaining modality and intervention subgroups. Impact: Our findings highlight the potential of utilizing pretreatment brain MRI data to predict treatment outcomes for MDD. This is valuable for using MRI features to early identify patients' treatment outcomes, potentially assisting clinicians in considering alternative treatment options. |
| 5030.
 | White Matter Microstructure Alterations and Their Link to Symptomatology in Early Psychosis and Schizophrenia Tommaso Pavan1,2, Yasser Alemán-Gómez1,2, Pascal Steullet1, Zoe Schilliger1,3, Daniella Dwir1, Raoul Jenni1,3, Martine Cleusix1, Luis Alameda1,3, Kim Q. Do1,3, Philippe Conus1, Paul Klauser1,3, Patric Hagmann1, and Ileana Jelescu1
1Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland, 2University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, 3University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, White Matter, Neuroinflammation, DKI, DTI, DWI, Psychosis Motivation: Schizophrenia features complex symptomatology. Increased dMRI measures specificity is the key to capture the relation of white matter microstructure alterations with patients psychopathology. Goal(s): We aim to better characterize WM pathology and, thus, understand its relation with the symptomatology of early-psychosis and schizophrenia. Approach: Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging and White Matter Tract Integrity–Watson were estimated in 275 individuals. Whole-brain WM estimates were compared between patients and controls, and associated with patients psychopathology. Results: dMRI patterns suggest that WM alterations are already present and widespread in EP. Two trends of WM deterioration with concomitant demyelination vs neuroinflammation were found associated with clinical scales regression analysis. Impact: Our findings possibly provide a missing link between specific symptoms and underlying pathology. The association between patients' psychopathology and advanced dMRI metrics may spark further interest in linking specific symptom in psychiatry diseases to microstructure alterations. |
| 5031.
 | Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI of the substantia nigra distinguishes bipolar from unipolar depression Xinping Kuai1, Dandan Shao2, Shengyu Wang2, Pu-Yeh Wu3, Yan Wu4, and Xuexue Wang5
1Department of Radiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China, 2Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 3GE Healthcare, Beijing, China, 4Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 5Department of Radiology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Psychiatric Disorders Motivation: Depression in bipolar disorder (BD-II) is frequently misdiagnosed as unipolar depression (UD), leading to inappropriate treatment and downstream complications. Goal(s): We aimed to evaluate neuromelanin (NM) MRI signal and volume changes in substantia nigra (SN) in HC, BD and UD patients. Approach: NM MRI was acquired and analyzed. Results: We found that compared with HC, patients with BD-II and UD had decreased CNR and increased volume on bilateral SN. The NM volume in BD-II group was increased compared to UD group. Furthermore, left and right NM volume exhibited the largest AUC for discriminating patient from HC, and BD from UD, respectively. Impact: Our findings revealed that abnormally decreased CNR and increased volume in SN region might underlie predisposition to BD-II and UD. NM MRI techniques can discriminate BD-II from UD and can be a useful clinical tool in evaluation of mental disorders. |