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| 4963.
 | Elucidation of whole-brain network in operant training using functional connectivity and immediate gene expression Kazumi Kasahara1,2, Keigo Hikishima3, Mariko Nakata4, Tomokazu Tsurugizawa1, Noriyuki Higo1, and Kenji Doya2
1Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan, 2Neural Computation Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan, 3Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan, 4University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan Keywords: Functional Connectivity, Neuroscience Motivation: It is unclear how and what cellular-level changes cause changes in the whole-brain network in operant training. Goal(s): To investigate the functional network changes and underlying cellular processes involved in operant learning. Approach: We utilized resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) and whole-brain immunohistochemical analysis of early growth response 1 (EGR1) in mice during the early and late stages of training. Results: Increased functional connectivity and EGR1 regional correlations were observed between the limbic and thalamus or auditory cortex early, and between motor and somatosensory cortex and striatum in the late stage. Impact: Our study is an initial effort to create a new experimental approach
that combines rsfMRI and immunohistochemistry to connect large-scale and
small-scale mechanisms of learning. |
| 4964.
 | Functional connectome phenotype of multiple cerebrovascular disease markers and its interaction with plasma p-tau181 on downstream outcomes Joanna Su Xian Chong1, Fang Ji1, Saima Hilal2,3,4, Joyce Ruifen Chong3,4, Jia Ming Lau1, Boon Yeow Tan5, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian3,6, Mitchell Kim Peng Lai3,4, Christopher Li-Hsian Chen3,4, and Juan Helen Zhou1,7,8
1Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 2Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore, 3Memory Ageing & Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore, 4Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 5St Luke’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, 6Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, 7Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 8Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Keywords: Functional Connectivity, Alzheimer's Disease, Cerebrovascular disease Motivation: Cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) is assessed by several MRI markers, but their impact on brain functional connectivity (FC) remains unclear. Goal(s): To examine how multiple CeVD markers influence FC, and how CeVD-related FC changes interact with Alzheimer’s disease pathology to influence downstream outcomes. Approach: We studied multivariate associations between four CeVD markers and whole-brain FC in 529 participants, and how this CeVD-related FC phenotype interacted with plasma p-tau181 to influence longitudinal brain atrophy and cognitive decline. Results: We identified a FC phenotype linked to high CeVD burden across all markers. This phenotype and p-tau181 contributed additively, but not synergistically, to atrophy and cognitive decline. Impact: Using a multivariate approach, our study demonstrated that CeVD exerted widespread, non-MRI marker-specific effects on the whole-brain functional connectome. Further, we showed that AD and CeVD have additive but not synergistic effects on neurodegeneration and cognitive changes over time. |
| 4965.
 | White matter-engaged multilayer network for evaluation of functional deficits in Alzheimer’s disease Lyuan Xu1,2, Zhongliang Zu1,3, Yurui Gao1,4, Muwei Li1,3, Kurt G. Schilling1,3, Soyoung Choi1,3, Adam W. Anderson1,3,4, John C. Gore1,3,4, and Zhaohua Ding1,2
1Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, United States, 2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States, 3Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States, 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States Keywords: Functional Connectivity, Alzheimer's Disease Motivation: The role of white matter (WM) in the functional connectivity within brain networks has not been well studied. Goal(s): Our goal was to use a high-order graph model to comprehensively analyze brain functional networks that engage WM. Approach: We constructed multilayer networks and analyzed network parameters in the brains of subjects with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Results: Multilayer network analysis showed increased sensitivity for detecting significant deterioration in functional connectivity (FC) in AD. Impact: Multilayer networks allow more comprehensive understanding of
structure-function relations within the whole brain and may provide deeper
insight into the pathophysiology of degenerative brain disease. |
| 4966.
 | Alterations in Spatial Working Memory and Brain Activity following 24h of Acute Sleep Deprivation in Healthy Men: A Resting-State fMRI Study Lili Xu1, Haoyuan Zhang2, Xicong Geng2, and Jing Zhang1
1Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China, lanzhou, China, 2School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China, lanzhou, China Keywords: fMRI Analysis, fMRI (resting state) Motivation: The precise neural mechanisms through which SD induces spatial working memory impairment are currently the subject of ongoing investigation. Goal(s): The purpose is to investigate the causes of spatial working memory deficits in subjects following SD. Approach: we employed a combination of ROCFT and rs-fMRI. Results: We observed elevated ALFF and ReHo in the Precuneus_L, ParaHippocampal_R, Postcentral_R, and Temporal_Mid_L regions, as well as reduced ReHo in the bilateral Frontal_Sup regions. Furthermore, we identified a negative correlation between the ReHo of Temporal_Mid_L and the duration of the 30min delayed recall, suggesting that these changes may contribute to the impaired spatial working memory following SD. Impact: The alterations in ALFF and ReHo after SD point to potential underlying mechanism for spatial working memory impairment. These findings offer promising avenues for future research aimed at elucidating the intricate neural mechanisms responsible for SD-induced spatial working memory deficits.
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| 4967.
 | Modulation of cross-hierarchy propagating waves across sleep stages Xufu Liu1, Dante Picchioni2, Yifan Yang1, Jacco de Zwart2, Jeff Duyn2, and Xiao Liu1,3
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, United States, 2National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States, 3Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, United States Keywords: fMRI Analysis, fMRI (resting state), sleep Motivation: Endogenous brain activity plays a pivotal role during sleep. Previous research suggested that endogenous brain activity during wakefulness can take the form of infra-slow waves propagating along the cortical hierarchical gradient. But it remains unclear how these infra-slow waves modulate across sleep stages. Goal(s): To elucidate sleep stage dependent changes in the cross-hierarchy propagations. Approach: We measured and analyzed overnight fMRI/EEG data. Results: The cross-hierarchy propagating waves modulate systematically across sleep stages. REM sleep features more frequent propagations from sensory/motor regions to higher-order brain networks, which are associated with eye movements and characterized by phase shifts in the thalamus, pons, and visual cortex. Impact: The findings reveal a highly structured nature of endogenous brain dynamics during REM sleep and their potential link to known REM features of electrophysiological PGO waves and eye movements. |
| 4968.
 | Functional brain network reconfiguration from rest to movie changes across repeated movie-viewing and associates with free recall performance Eric Kwun Kei Ng1, Wan Lin Yue1, Xing Qian1, Kian Foong Wong1, Michael W L Chee1, and Juan Helen Zhou1,2,3,4
1Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 2Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 3Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 4Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Keywords: Functional Connectivity, fMRI, functional reconfiguration, movie paradigm Motivation: It remains unclear if brain functional reconfiguration from resting state is cognitively relevant for naturalistic conditions. Goal(s): To establish changes in brain functional connectivity (FC) similarity between rest and repeated movie watching and their relation with memory in young adults. Approach: We studied intra- and inter network FC similarity changes across 3 movie-viewing BOLD fMRI sessions, and correlated similarity measures with memory recall scores of one movie. Results: Movies with higher cognitive load and narrative structure evidenced stronger changes in rest-movie functional reconfiguration across sessions; association with recall scores shifted from sensory networks to associative networks over sessions. Higher similarity was more advantageous. Impact: Rest-movie functional reconfiguration lent support to the hypothesis that less reconfiguration may reflect higher information processing efficiency by brain functional networks. It further informs memory encoding and retrieval in naturalistic contexts. |
| 4969.
 | Effects of MRI acoustic noise on resting state functional connectivity Keigo Hikishima1,2, Tomokazu Tsurugizawa1, Kazumi Kasahara1, Ryusuke Hayashi1, Ryo Takagi1, Kiyoshi Yoshinaka1, and Naotaka Nitta1
1National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan, 2Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Japan Keywords: Functional Connectivity, Brain Connectivity, MRI acoustic noise Motivation: Loud acoustic noise during resting state fMRI can affect functional connectivity (FC), but the precise effect of MRI acoustic noise on FC is not well understood. Goal(s): To clarify the impact of MRI acoustic noise on FC. Approach: FC in mice under MRI acoustic noise was investigated using functional ultrasound (fUS), a functional imaging method based on relative cerebral blood volume, and the FC obtained was compared with FC by fMRI. Results: As acoustic noise increased, in the auditory network FC between the retrosplenial dysgranular and auditory cortexes decreased, while in the non-auditory network FC anticorrelation between the infralimbic and motor cortexes increased. Impact: Anticorrelation between the default mode
network (e.g., infralimbic cortex) and task-positive networks (e.g., motor
cortex) is an important feature of brain network antagonism. Attention should
be paid to the acoustic noise level when fMRI to evaluate anticorrelation of
such networks. |
| 4970.
 | Hierarchical auditory processing integrating macroscopic and mesoscopic neural networks Yuwei Jiang1, Yangjiayi Mu1, and He Wang1
1Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Keywords: Task/Intervention Based fMRI, fMRI (task based), layer-fMRI, neuroscience Motivation: The invasive microscopic research on the brain can only be widely conducted in animal models. Detecting signals in laminar level using noninvasive MRI helps us bridge knowledge between macro- and micro-research. Goal(s): To understand the neural mechanism of hierarchical auditory processing in both macroscopic and mesoscopic brain cortex in-vivo. Approach: We used the 7T MRI to perform the whole-brain-fMRI and layer-fMRI with ultra-high-resolution when human was listening to a hierarchical auditory sequence paradigm. Results: The responses to the hierarchical auditory processing are not only along a pathway from auditory to frontal cortices, but also various across laminar cortex. Impact: We used the layer-fMRI to find that the auditory processing is distributed across cortical layers in a hierarchical manner. The detection of auditory processing in both macroscopic and mesoscopic levels allows us to build predictive coding model in multiple dimensions. |
| 4971.
 | Language Lateralization on resting state fMRI Vs task fMRI, in neurosurgical cases SANTOSH KUMAR GUPTA1 and RITHIKA SRIRAM1
1MRI, P.D.Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, India Keywords: Functional Connectivity, fMRI (resting state), fMRI (task) Motivation: Understanding hemispheric language dominance is crucial for surgery, yet task-based fMRI has many challenges. Resting-state fMRI shows promise, but its ability to depict language lateralization is still evolving, with varied results in literature. Goal(s): To assess language dominance on rest fMRI in neurosurgical patients by different methods and seeing concordance with task-based fMRI.
Approach: We explored three calculation techniques for lateralization: first using individual seed volumes, second using voxel activation in ipsilateral hemisphere, and third using net voxel activation generated in bilateral hemispheres
Results: Maximum of 54.55% concordance of rest-fMRI with task-based fMRI was seen for language dominance, with one of the methods. Impact: Our results emphasize that rest fMRI for language dominance should be used with caution and as an adjunct to task fMRI in neurosurgical patients. |
| 4972.
 | Bilateral resting-state functional connectivity reflects spontaneous neural interactions measured by mouse fMRI with optogenetic silencing Hyun Seok Moon1, Thanh Tan Vo1,2,3, and Seong-Gi Kim1,2
1Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Korea, Republic of, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea, Republic of, 3Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea, Republic of Keywords: Functional Connectivity, fMRI Motivation: Despite the widespread use of resting-state fMRI in the neuroscience field, the relationship between functional connectivity and neural interactions is not fully understood. Goal(s): We aimed to explore whether resting-state functional connectivity arises from spontaneous neural interactions among brain regions. Approach: We conducted resting-state and multi-site optogenetic fMRI in excitatory or inhibitory neuron-specific optogenetic mouse models and examined their relationship. Results: Resting-state functional connectivity patterns were strongly correlated with optogenetic silencing-induced connectivity which revealed extensive intrahemispheric and interhemispheric neural interactions during rest. This result suggests that functional connectivity arises from neural interactions via polysynaptic structural connectivity. Impact: The results
support the notion that functional connectivity stems from spontaneous neural
interactions between regions. Our next goal is to investigate whether brain
state-dependent functional connectivity alterations stem from enhanced or
weakened neural interactions, using multi-site optogenetic silencing fMRI.
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